Sunday, August 23, 2020

Revenue cycle management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Income cycle the board - Essay Example Furthermore, he needs to disclose to these representatives of the need to move to the incorporated framework with the goal that the procedure is viable for the clinic. One key zone that he needs to address is planning with exactness. The subtleties of the representatives in the new framework should be acquired precisely so as to spare time that would be in any case squandered in following such data. It will likewise help with putting away precise preadmission subtleties which will improve future analysis. The subsequent advance is the check of advantages ahead of time. Going with the strategy to be led, it is important to check protection data and the legitimacy of front of a patient (Townsend and Coleman, 2014). On the off chance that the installments are independent, at that point it might be critical to request them before medical procedures in order to cut on awful obligations and maintain a strategic distance from late scratch-offs if it is hard to make the installments. Setting up an arrangement for all the exceptional adjusts will aid money the board. Anyplace Hospital will remain above water of overabundance adjusts and guarantee that all sums are gathered ideal. The income assortment timetable should be kept up for the move to the coordinated income assortment framework to be

Friday, August 21, 2020

The Impacts and Recommendations of Inefficient Management of Information and Knowledge A Case Study on Community Outreach

Any association, regardless of whether benefit arranged or altruistic, should proactively characterize its own methodologies for present and future needs and settle on solid choices on distributing its assets to seek after the set systems. The association must take part in a conventional thought procedure of its present and future strategy, also called vital arranging (Blazey, 2008 p. 8).Advertising We will compose a custom basic composing test on The Impacts and Recommendations of Inefficient Management of Information and Knowledge: A Case Study on Community Outreach explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Indeed, key arranging is a necessity for associations to get by in the violent monetary occasions. Authoritative pioneers should consistently look in front of what's going on at present, envision changes, and create basic procedures focused on effectively exploring the association through times of changes and change (Lawlor, n.d. para. 4). Utilizing the Baldridge Cr iteria for Performance Excellence, this paper targets tending to the holes existing in the administration of data, information and data innovation in Community Outreach, an association accused of the duty of helping the destitute in the public eye. As per the guesses of the Baldwin scale, association must set up procedures that will guarantee all partners get quality and solid data easily. The accessibility of exact and convenient data is basic as it helps the representatives, accomplices, teammates, supporters and clients of the association to settle on all around educated choices. In a similar vein, the association must upgrade techniques that make it feasible for basic information to be gathered, collected and moved to significant partners (Kaufman et al, 2003 p. 17). From the contextual analysis, there exist a hole in the manner in which basic data and information are moved and made accessible to invested individuals. First the association doesn't have a focal information and da ta the board unit as showed by the way that the new volunteer treasurer have to mine significant data from various sources (Lenk Domelly, 1998 p. 175). The effects of this hole might be goliath. Not exclusively does such a game plan lead to time wastage however it might likewise neglect to ensure precise, solid and opportune information.Advertising Looking for basic composition on business financial aspects? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Also, data and information got from such a game plan may not be illustrative of the genuine needs and necessities of the association, not referencing the way that secrecy of such data may likewise not be ensured. Such a course of action is additionally open to mix-ups and mistakes. As per Blazey (2008), associations â€Å"†¦must guarantee respectability (culmination) of information and data just as guaranteeing they are accessible, available, dependable, precise, auspicious, private, a nd secure† (p. 294). From the contextual investigation, it is likewise certain that basic data and information isn't moved from the association to different partners, for example, volunteers (Lenk Domelly, 1998 p. 177). This is underscored by the way that a few volunteers are seen meandering around the organization’s working because of absence of course on what to do. As indicated by Kaufman et al (2003), associations must scatter all relevant data from the workplaces to all partners. Because of this hole, extensive measure of time wind up being lost as laborers make sense of what to do all alone. Practically speaking, such sort of game plan won't just reduction the laborers inspiration yet it will likewise diminish efficiency and execution. Without a doubt, the deficient and wasteful channels through which vital data and information are scattered in the association can be utilized to clarify the mistake looked by Terri, the organization’s activities chief. It ca n likewise be utilized to clarify the high worker turnover saw in the association. The general effect is that it might be sober-mindedly difficult to plan and plan for the future when such disconnected and regularly out of reach data and information are utilized. The association needs thinking of plans and techniques that will empower it to gather progressively cash-flow to fund its future commitment with the penniless masses. Before this fantasy is understood, the association needs to think of methods of tending to its data and information shortages. Utilizing fitting key arranging instruments, for example, ‘preparing to plan,’ the most essential entanglements and moves should be distinguished and systems produced for their restoration. For our situation, data and information disjoint have been refered to as the significant fixing for the association. In view of this procedure, proposals for association to court supports who will subsidize a task to unify all data dive rts in the association will be all together. Since the strategy relies upon a necessities way to deal with plan for the future, welcoming the association to put resources into data innovation could likewise be recommended.Advertising We will compose a custom basic composing test on The Impacts and Recommendations of Inefficient Management of Information and Knowledge: A Case Study on Community Outreach explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More This won't just lift the exchange of data and information between workers yet it will likewise guarantee that different partners are kept educated. A proficient data innovation segment for the association will likewise encourage the subsidizing procedure. To be successful in preparing, legitimate cooperative energies in correspondence and data sharing must be seen by all partners (Blazey, 2008 p.76). Reference List Blazey, M.L. (2008). Bits of knowledge to execution greatness 2008: An inside glance at the 2008 Baldridge Award Crit eria. American culture for quality. ISBN: 9780873897280 Kaufman, R., Oakley-Browne, H., Watkins, R., Leigh, D. (2003). Key getting ready for progress. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Lawlor, J.E. (n.d.). The significance of key arranging. Recovered from http://practicaldecisions.com/key planning.pdf Lenk, M.M., Domelly, B.D. (1998). â€Å"Instructional case: Community Outreach.† Issues in Accounting Education, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 173-178 This basic composition on The Impacts and Recommendations of Inefficient Management of Information and Knowledge: A Case Study on Community Outreach was composed and presented by client Daphne Rush to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; nonetheless, you should refer to it likewise. You can give your paper here.

Friday, July 10, 2020

Best Argumentative Essay Samples

Best Argumentative Essay SamplesArgumentative essay samples are very helpful in the writing process. They help to focus the main ideas and the main points of the essay. You must be careful in choosing the right one because some of the ones used by other writers can be difficult to follow.To be able to write a unique argumentative essay, you need to think about what is most important to you. This is an important step in the process because it allows you to choose and create your own argumentative essay. You should avoid using any book or any resource that can only help you understand the style of the writer. Some of these resources contain many grammatical errors and are very difficult to understand.You should also think about what would be important to your own unique argumentative essay. You should also choose something that would not only help you to understand the style of the writer but it also helps you make a coherent argumentation. You have to ensure that the style and the for mat are applicable to your own purposes.The essay samples are based on the research method. The reader is asked to look at the information from different perspectives. You will notice that different information sources use different methods to collect information.Many of the writing software use a variety of ways to gather information. If the writer does not pay attention to the details, there can be many grammatical errors. In fact, the main aim of this essay sample is to give the reader an idea of the format and style of the writer. There is no point in looking at the style to find out if the essay is good because in this form it can be very obvious.There are several excellent essay samples available on the internet but the best one will always depend on your personal requirements. There are some tips that can be followed to make the essay more effective and more readable.You can choose the topic and the direction of the essay. It is important to write the essay in a logical and w ell-organized manner so that you do not get lost in the details.

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Zimbabwe Taxation - 2625 Words

Question Write an analysis of the developments of the taxation system in Zimbabwe from pre to post colonial Zimbabwe (25) The tax system currently enforced in Zimbabwe under the authority of the Income tax Act Chap 23.06 with Acts like the Capital Gains Act Chap 23.01, Finance Act Chap 23.04 and the Excise duties Act as complimentary. The system evolved from traditional ideologies perpetuated from pre pre-colonial era up to now. The incidence of tax from a traditional perspective occurred from as far as the Rozvi State who was allowed to maintain their power and control by the Portuguese Traders which resulted in the development of the†¦show more content†¦Insurance premiums and medical expenses were also allowed as a deduction The Pay as You Earn (P.A.Y.E) system of collecting Tax income was also adopted and it mainly operated with reference to an employed person. The definition of person in this regard mainly focuses on the natural person as it is the natural person and not the Juristic (for example Companies) that earn the employment income on which P.A.Y.E will be charged. Companies were also taxed in their own capacity and were required to pay a standard rate of 7s. 3d. in the  £. Special incentives for investment and exports were also given to benefit international trade and encourage investments in the companies established in the Zimbabwean Economy. Personal tax obligations were payable by individuals on a sliding scale ranging from  £2 per annum to  £12 per annum, this range was dependant on the income Death duties were relatively low by world standards, and were payable on a sliding scale rising to a maximum of 2s. 6d. in the pound currency, which is reached on a taxable amount of approximately  £42,000. Stamp duties were set on numerous documents recording transactions between persons and on services provided at various registries. These included a transfer duty at the rate of  £1 per cent, for the first  £4,000 of the value ofShow MoreRelatedEssay On Tax Compliance In Zimbabwe917 Words   |  4 Pagestax compliance by SMEs in Zimbabwe. The topics covered in the chapter include background of the study, statement of the problem, the objectives of the study, main research question, sub research questions and justification of the study. Other sub-topics covered include significance of the study, delimitations, and limitations of the study and definition of terms. 1.2 Background of the study A study undertaken by a research firm, Global Financial Integrity revealed Zimbabwe could have lost $12 billionRead MoreThe Mutapa State8269 Words   |  34 PagesAfternoon once again some more on Zimbabwe...DISCUSS THE RISE AND EXPANSION OF THE MUTAPA STATE. (NOV 2008) The rise and ultimate expansion of the Mutapa State owed in part to the decline of Great Zimbabwe. 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How taxes are collected is equally important as the total amount of taxation and spending. †¢ Lowered tax rates on any of the factors may or may not lower the total tax revenue. †¢ As often as not, when one factor’s tax rate is raised and the other’s lowered, the second factor will end up in worse economic shape. InRead MoreEconomic Aspects of Agrarian Reform12715 Words   |  51 PagesRepormang Pansakahan), abbreviated as the  DAR, is the  executive department  of the  Philippine Governmentresponsible for all  land reform  programs in the country, with the purported aim of promoting social justice and industrialization through massive taxation of rich and poor Filipinos alike. |Contents | |  [hide] | |1  History Read MoreWhat are the main causes of high unemployment in Zimbabwe? How serious a problem is it? Will land resettlement and HIV-AIDS ease or worsen the situation? Give reasons.1516 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: The unemployment rate is the proportion of the economically active population that is unemployed and actively looking for employment. In 1990, Zimbabwe embarked on a programme of Economic Reforms popularly known as Economic Structural Adjustment Programme (ESAP) and 1991-1992 saw one of the worst droughts. With close to 70% of the population living in the rural areas (CSO 1992) and dependent on agriculture for their livelihood, this constituted a major disaster. One result of theseRead MoreNotes On Taxation And The Informal Business Sector Essay2820 Words   |  12 Pagesinsight on the background. This chapter therefore reviews the existing literatures on taxation in general and presumptive tax system in Zimbabwe. The literature also tries to bring to surface issues concerning the role of taxation, the informal business sector and taxation in the informal business sector. 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As populations increase, taxation rises and the infrastructure provided by socialism starts to collapse. The S tate can then either privatise to reduce taxation, introduce austerity measures, or nationalise, which Marx termed, the stepping stone to communism. The term socialist, as distinct from socialism, occurs when the government starts to use private wealth taxation to promote politicalRead MoreSupply Chain2295 Words   |  10 PagesMUDHLIWEVHU REG NUMBER : C13121173D PROGRAMME : BSSCM MODULE : PRINCIPLES OF TRANSPORT MANAGEMENT LEVEL : 2.1 ASSIGNMENT Discuss the policy instruments that the government of Zimbabwe applies to intervene in the freight-transport industry and point out in your view how these measures affect business logistics management and performance in the country. Introduction Transport policy deals with the development of a set of

P.G. Wodehouse, His Life, and His Works Essay Example For Students

P.G. Wodehouse, His Life, and His Works Essay Does an artist create a masterpiece without a source of inspiration? Does an architect construct a building without first looking at a blueprint? As with all great minds, writers also need a source of inspiration or a Blueprint for their literature. In the short story, The Truth About George, author P.G. Wodehouse uses his own life experiences as a blueprint for creating George and the other characters in the story. There are influences from Wodehouses childhood and his formative years in The Truth about George, the story about a man named George struggling to find a cure for his speech impediment in order to win the affections of a woman. P(elham) G(renville) Wodehouse, Plum to his friends(Babuser 1248). Was born to a well-to-do family in Surrey, England on Ocotber 15, 1881 in Guildford, England. He was educated at Dulwich, London and started writing at a young age. By the end of his life, PG Wodehouse turned out more than ninety stories and fifty other miscellaneous pieces of works such as film scripts, etc. (Jasen 1). During his childhood P. G. Wodehouse was abandoned by his parents and lived with various relatives. Although, as David Damrosch notes, Wodehouse always insisted that he had a happy childhood, including a relationship with a father who was normal as rice pudding'(Damrosch 453). He moved from England to Hong Kong and to the United States. He was introduced and brought up by a variety of aunts, uncles, nannies, and schools. (Damrosch 453). He went through many things such as being captured by the Germans during WWII, where he made radio broadcasts in which he described his experiences as a prisoner and ridiculed his captors. (Bassett 1). After the war, Wodehouse moved to the United States, which he calls the romance capital of the world where he met his wife, Ethel Rowley (Babuser 1248). and settled, becoming a citizen in 1955. (Jasen 2). He lived out the rest of his life in Southampton, New York, where he wrote farces, short stories, and many other works of literature until his death on February 14, 1975. Wodehouse would later use his vast experiences to write his enormous collection of prose,etc. Wodehouse wrote many works of literature based on his life. He based his characters and stories around his own imagination. Evelyn Waugh writes that Wodehouses characters are creations of pure fancy and that it is all Mr. Wodehouses inspiration. (Damrosch 453). In the internet article By David Jasen it states that Wodehouses story plots were complicated and carefully planned. (Jasen 3). He wrote many famous stories such as The Man With Two Left Feet , Much Obliged Jeeves , and many other stories. His claim to fame is his many stories about the perfect English gentleman Jeeves, which became a very popular series. Also, just by writing so many pieces of work, Wodehouse was popularized. He reached sales of fifty million volumes in thirty different languages (Damrosch 453). In the humorous short story, The Truth About George the reader is introduced to a man named George who has a speech impediment. The reader is first introduced to Georges problem when the narrator states it must be very embarrassing for a man with such a painful speech impediment to open conversation with strangers (Wodehouse 1250). The plot of the whole story revolves around how George travels around looking for a cure to impede his stuttering problem so he can win the affections of the girl he is in love with, Susan Blake. According to the story, Susan means the world to George. She is precious, beloved, much-loved, highly esteemed, and valued. (Wodehouse 1251). But every time George tried to vocalize his affections to Susan he stuttered. So George went to a specialist who told him to try all kinds of different cures. .u52a5db49b991d9a250983960570eed3f , .u52a5db49b991d9a250983960570eed3f .postImageUrl , .u52a5db49b991d9a250983960570eed3f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u52a5db49b991d9a250983960570eed3f , .u52a5db49b991d9a250983960570eed3f:hover , .u52a5db49b991d9a250983960570eed3f:visited , .u52a5db49b991d9a250983960570eed3f:active { border:0!important; } .u52a5db49b991d9a250983960570eed3f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u52a5db49b991d9a250983960570eed3f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u52a5db49b991d9a250983960570eed3f:active , .u52a5db49b991d9a250983960570eed3f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u52a5db49b991d9a250983960570eed3f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u52a5db49b991d9a250983960570eed3f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u52a5db49b991d9a250983960570eed3f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u52a5db49b991d9a250983960570eed3f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u52a5db49b991d9a250983960570eed3f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u52a5db49b991d9a250983960570eed3f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u52a5db49b991d9a250983960570eed3f .u52a5db49b991d9a250983960570eed3f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u52a5db49b991d9a250983960570eed3f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Atomic Bomb Essay He even tried to make George sing as he talked in order to cure his ailness. George worked and worked with the specialist until he discovered that his problem was not physical in nature, it was mental. George was just nervous, and he stuttered when he was nervous. So the specialist proposed a cure that went, George would have to talk to three strangers

Wednesday, April 22, 2020

Latin America and the Catholic Church

Reaction from the Reformist The Catholic Church in Nicaragua experienced internal struggle during and after the revolution this was between those who supported the Marxist ideals of liberation and the opponents who were conservatives.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Latin America and the Catholic Church specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More When the Pope visited the country in 1983, the church was extremely polarized within its hierarchy. The relation with Sandinista government was not cordial (Hogan, 2005). Both the church and the state eagerly waited for the arrival of the Pope the reform minded Catholics believed the Pope would support their efforts (Kathy, 1983). The church had previously supported and specified circumstances where rebellion or insurrection may be justified. For instance, the bishop’s conference of 1968 in Medellin, Colombia the liberation theology was endorsed (Hogan, 2005). The p riest believed that supporting the Marxist group amounted to championing the interest of the poor something Christ would do under similar circumstances. The government, on the other hand, expected the Pope to play a mediator role to support the peace process, and even to condemn the counter revolutionaries. That is why the government mobilized people to attend the papal mass at Managua by offering free transportation and declaring the day as a national holiday (Kathy, 1983). The Pope’s Verdict The pope clearly stated his position to the Nicaraguan priests that he was supporting the conservatives and not the revolutionary Catholics. He pleaded with the poor that they were living in unjust and inhuman condition, but that would not be the reason to rise in arms against the oppressor.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The pope’s visit did not improve the situation but m ade it even worse (Kathy, 1983). He steered clear from the tensions between the church and the state and emphasized the need for unity in the church to avoid corruption from outside and the Marxist influence. He spoke against the division which was emerging in the hierarchy of the church and confirmed the authority of bishops in the church (Hogan, 2005). He supported the conservative archbishop Miguel Obando and spoke against the priests who held positions in government and the need to regularize their position. He argued that the priests and bishops were considered as the spouses of Christ and the church, and they were not supposed to hold a compensated political office (Kathy, 1983). Why Some Were Disappointed Some Nicaraguan Catholics were disappointed by the pope’s position on political action because it convinced them that the pope and the Vatican did not understand their problems. This is because the same venue, where the papal mass was conducted had been used previousl y to commemorate the lives of seventeen youths who were killed in an ambush (Kathy, 1983). The pope did not mention the incident neither did he offer any consolation to the families of the deceased. His silence on the matter perplexed many, because they knew the pope would at least mention the incident (Goff, Moss, Terry, Upshur Schroeder, 2008). Fear After Pope’s Visit Previously the pope had chastised one priest when he arrived at the airport for associating with an organization of farm workers. From this people feared that unity would not be achieved, and schism was almost inevitable.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Latin America and the Catholic Church specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The priests, on the other hand, hoped to present their case before the pope, but it did not happen. The expectations of the poor people had been exaggerated by the church and the state, and that led to chanting during mass that they needed peace and a prayer for their dead. The mothers whose sons were murdered were the most discouraged because the pope did not offer the prayer of peace, which would have consoled them. The Lord’s Prayer, which is seen as a sign of peace, was not offered either (Hogan, 2005). Reference List Goff, R., Moss, W., Terry, J., Upshur, J., Schroeder, M. (2008). The twentieth century  and beyond- A global history. (7th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Hogan, M. (2005). Latin America – An Historical Perspective on the Politics of the Catholic Church in Latin America. Latin America and the Caribbean. Retrieved from http://www.alterinfos.org/spip.php?article103 Kathy, L. (1983). The 1983 Visit of Pope John Paul II to Nicaragua. World History  Archives. Retrieved from http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/47/030.html This research paper on Latin America and the Catholic Church was written and submitted by user PuppetMaster to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Tuesday, March 17, 2020

Controversies Between Church and State essays

Controversies Between Church and State essays Controversies Between Church and State During the Middle Ages, church and state leaders had many battles. Some who were involved were Holy Roman Emperor Heinrich IV and Pope Gregory VIII; King II and Archbishop Thomas Becket; King Philip IV and Pope Boniface VIII. Their situations were all related by the fact that they were all controversies between an emperor or king and the Catholic church. The Holy Roman Emperor Heinrich (Henry) IV and Pope Gregory VIIIs struggle was centered on by investiture. Henry invested many bishops at his own will even though Gregory had banned investiture by laity. Henry felt his investiture of bishops was necessary to the control of his kingdom, so he kept on doing it. Gregory responded to this by excommunicating Henry. Henry later apologized and received the Popes forgiveness. Out of humiliation, he chased Gregory out of Rome and elected a new pope. King Henry II made his close and dear friend Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury in hopes that since he and his friend were so close, Becket would give some power over the Church to Henry. Instead, Becket refused to do Henrys bidding and became a fierce champion of the independence and rights of the church. In 1170, Becket was killed during a church mass by four of Henrys knights. Henry surrendered to the Pope, who threatened him with excommunication. Thomas Becket was later named a saint and is a symbol of the struggle between church and state. Pope Boniface VIII believed that the Pope, whomever he may be, was always in higher power than the reigning king or emperor. Boniface issued a bull saying kings could not tax cler...

Saturday, February 29, 2020

A comparison of tabloid and broadsheet newspapers Essay Example for Free

A comparison of tabloid and broadsheet newspapers Essay ? To understand the subject of this essay, I thought it would help to briefly look at the history and background of newspapers, because I believe this gradually influences people’s decisions on buying a paper today. In earlier years, the majority of people buying newspapers were all well educated, middle – class intellectuals. As a result of this many papers actually tended to follow the broadsheet format. Most people that bought a newspaper would have full intention of reading from front to back. Most papers had between four and nine pages with a lot of columns and very small print; there were not many pictures and very little graphics. This was generally because of the lack of technology available to the publishers and their printers. As time progressed, so did the technology that went into the newspapers. With this improvement in technology this enables the publishers to focus on more specific readership. In a newspaper you can find that they can now devote sectors of the newspaper to individual interests, at the same time as having more illustrations and advertisements. We investigated how tabloids and broadsheets have appeared to combine these new ideas, but somehow still have different techniques, writing styles and format. We did this by using interviews and surveys to help us gain the results we wanted. To gain further understanding of the type of people that read tabloid and broadsheet newspapers, the pupils in our class carried out a survey. The principle was to find out if there were any links between our research and the class survey, it helped us gain more knowledge on the time that papers are read during the day and what days they are tended to be read on. When the survey was complete we collected the results to find that there was quite an even spread of readers for both the tabloid paper and the broadsheet paper. Another interesting fact was that mainly broadsheets were read on the weekend rather than the working week. I recognize that this must be because of the size and depth of the broadsheet which becomes a immediate fault of the paper has it makes it very hard for somebody going to work on the train or bus to read a large paper such as ‘The Telegraph’ in such tight compact spaces. Our class also carried interviews with their friends and family to try and find out the reason behind this predilection. In the majority of cases, the time available and the content of the newspaper were concerns. Many people believed that a broadsheet were more detailed and focused on finance and politics, whereas tabloid papers tended to be more light-hearted and entertaining. There were a lot more gossip columnists and many pages devoted to entertainment and celebrities featured in ‘The Sun’. As I expected the size of the newspapers were a big matter into deciding which paper someone would buy. According to the interviewees, broadsheets were understandably an inconvenient size if they were to be read on a coffee brake or a journey as they were just too big. Tabloid papers were popular because of the advantage of there size as they can be read at spare moments during the day and contained a television guide. Personally I tend to read newspapers at the weekend and the members of my family generally make the choice of paper, I enjoy reading a tabloid a lot more than I do a broadsheet because broadsheets cover a large quantity of business and finance and I am not interested in these subjects. I enjoy reading ‘The Sun’ as it contains a lot of sport news and celebrity news. Tabloid papers in my opinion are a lot easier to read as u don’t have to take a lot of time reading each article like you do in the broadsheet newspapers. Before we actually started to examine individual articles, we made some general assertions concerning the papers contents. We all noticed that there were a surprisingly large amount of adverts in the broadsheet newspaper, which included a completely covered double-page spread on just adverts. A â€Å"British Airways† advert, covered a page of the â€Å"Daily Telegraph† the size made it eye-catching and very effective to the reader. For further exploration we compared two articles, which at the time were concerning the situation in Saudi Arabia. The first article was featured in â€Å"The Sun†, entitled, â€Å"Saudi Aid†. The second article was found in â€Å"The Daily Telegraph† entitled, â€Å"Arab states back Bush over Iraq†. My immediate observation was the difference and contrast in headlines. The tabloid headline was much shorter than that of the broadsheet, therefore the information given was. â€Å"Saudi Aid† gave the reader a suggestion of the articles content, but did not make any kind of effort to enhance on the subject. On the other hand â€Å"The Telegraph† was more informative and had a much more detailed headline, â€Å"Arab states back Bush over Iraq†. This headline refers to a specific incident which is very straight forward it also includes one of the most well known names in the world, this is a clever way of using someone’s name involved in the issue to draw in the reader the also tone suggests controversy. â€Å"The Sun† followed its brief headline with a more detailed summary, giving us further amplification on the subject. â€Å"The Telegraph† on the other hand had a sub headline of â€Å"Way cleared for countdown to war†. Again the focus of the piece was narrowed down to ass impact on their first headline. The sub headline included and extremely emotive phrase, â€Å"Countdown to War†. This gives no definite answer to the question most people were asking themselves at the time, it just leaves the possibility that it could happen in the future if the situation deteriorates. â€Å"The Sun† also included a sub headline in its article. â€Å"Saudis to aid attack on Iraq† again this repeats the word ‘aid’ from the headline but this time expanding on the content of the article. The reporter actually uses rhyme, which increases the articles appeal, because it becomes captivating and memorable. In continuing to study the format of the article, I noticed that the front pages of both pieces were very different. â€Å"The Telegraph’s† report was split into four columns, with an enlarged quote dividing the second column. In this article there was clearly more writing, and whilst I could perceive a summary, it was not highlighted in any way, like â€Å"The Sun’s† report, which had a summary in bold type and a sub heading of ‘Weapons’ halfway through the first column, such use of a sub headline created drama and tension. The summary uses colloquial language, and emotive writing such as ‘the Saudis fear they will never be safe while Saddam rules’. With added patriotism, the summary lures the reader to read on through the article, to reach the main point of the piece. Unlike the broadsheet article, there was a picture featured in the tabloid newspaper. The picture was of Jack Straw and by adding a picture the information in the article is authentic and may entice the reader to look more closely at the piece, and maybe value the reporter’s opinion more. Another creative effect is â€Å"The Suns† use of italics. By placing a chosen phrase or paragraph in italics, the reader’s attention is drawn to the chosen area, showing that the specific phrase is important, and so the reader should pay attention to it. The general tone of † the suns† article is informal throughout the piece. The reporter remains biased and doesn’t believe that the possibility of war may be resolved. The piece in â€Å"The Telegraph† takes an objective style and presents both sides of the argument, and continually stating that there is no definite war. The miscellany in reporting styles also includes the use of more formal language with words such as ‘repercussions’. I would presume that the readers of a broadsheet newspaper are more middle-class. This is a generalisation but that the fact that there is more business, finance and culture in the broadsheet newspaper. There is one similarity between the articles it is that they both include the national security adviser â€Å"Conddeezza Rice†. Overall the broadsheet newspaper includes more concept language and is rather informal, whilst the tabloid newspaper has short headlines with a catchy theme to it, instead of a more sophisticated and simple headlines brought to us by the broadsheet newspapers. A comparison of tabloid and broadsheet newspapers. (2017, Aug 04).

Thursday, February 13, 2020

Individual assignment 1 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Individual assignment 1 - Case Study Example According to Comfort Limited management board, they believed that the company needed to change its leadership as most of the problems that resulted into failure of the company stemmed from the poor leadership. In the company, under the leadership of the Stellan, it was evident that the company understood that there was a need for a refined strategy. There was however unmatched strategic approach with the leadership in place. Though Stallen had adverse information concerning strategies that would propel business into high levels, it was clear that there was discrepancy between the management skills and the strategic skills. It can be seen that there is some complain among the members of the management. Though it is clear that the company has adopted a new strategy of product rebranding, the company still has to create different sections in the company such as the quality assurance to persuade the employees that this would be successful strategy. At this point, the company needs to inv est its resources on the external factors such as intensive marketing and product promotion rather than creation of more expenses within to deal with the internal affairs. Without a good leadership, strategic changes of the company development would not be received well. In the case of Comfort Limited, it is evident that the employees are moving out of the company while complaining that they are not given opportunity to air their thoughts, and that the CEO is running the organization single handedly. When Stallen took over as the CEO, the study indicates that he constantly met the employees and assured them of the success of the business. Though in this case one would say that the CEO was an optimistic person, it would also be correct to remember that his optimism did not place reality aspect of the business into focus. While the employees were well aware that there was some

Saturday, February 1, 2020

History assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

History - Assignment Example The increase in the amount of coffee taken to the factories marked the economic resurgence of the United States. In the last years of the 18th century, there was an increase in the amount of cotton production. This was because of the acquisition of slaves from Africa and other economically poor countries in the world. The main reason as to why the United States carrying out their census is so that they can understand and have the ability to plan their future without the fear of having misconceptions on the issue. The compromise that assisted the country to deal with its debt problem was that it had immense national relations with other countries. The fact that its relations with other countries made sure that it received the necessary advice that it required on how to resolve its issues. It learned how to utilize its resources fully while using minimal of them and taking the least amount of time and money. Fallen timbers are stores packed with entertainment material located in the United States in the state of Ohio. The second revolution that terrified many of the United States citizens was the concept of recession. Recession was a factor that faced the United States at the beginning of the 19h century. The country faced a hard economic time during that period and it characterized by hiked prices of basic commodities. The hike in prices instilled a lot of fear in the citizens of the United States. Thomas Pickney became the vice president of the United States of America due to his increased popularity. He also had very strong economic points that gave him a competitive advantage. There was the increased popularity basing from his knowledge in the field of economics. With this background, people had strong backing for him and that was the reason he took the vice president’s position in the country. The XYZ affair refers to the diplomatic actions that took place between the United States and France. The episode involved the two nations making

Friday, January 24, 2020

Personal Narrative- Holiday Baking Tradition Essay -- Personal Narrati

Personal Narrative- Holiday Baking Tradition Traditions are reflections of beliefs, superstitions and the personality of a family. I stop short of saying that they are the soul of a family because my family can no longer celebrate these traditions, but the spirit of my family continues to be an integral part of my life, despite the distance that sets us apart. The soul of my family remains unharmed from the miles that deprive us of the opportunity to celebrate common traditions. Regardless of how far we are apart, there is one tradition that can overcome any lengthy amount of distance, and that is my Aunt Millie’s Cinnamon-pecan rolls. People move away from their extended families, and traditions can fade, which is why it is important to have a trademark that easily identifies your ...

Wednesday, January 15, 2020

Assessment for Learning Essay

The results of the personal survey of assessment literacy showed that general considerations scored 87/90, prior to test design scored 53/55, writing the test scored 28/30, during test administration scored 15/15, and after testing reflected 25/25. Our school is a small private school with small classroom sizes. As a result, most of our students receive specialized one on one attention and strong supervision for their academic success. Teachers believe every student can and will succeed. It is not an option to do otherwise. â€Å"Teachers must believe that all students can achieve a certain level of academic success, must bring all of their students to believe this of themselves, must accommodate the fact that students learn at different rates by making use of differentiated instruction, and must guide all students toward the attainment of standards† (Stiggins, 2005, pg. 326). How we test students need to take into consideration the impact of the learner (Stiggins, 2008). Stiggins (2008) informed teachers to utilize assessments for students by looking at the classroom level of use, the program level of use, and the institutional accountability and policy level of use. Looking at the school survey of assessment literacy will take into account these three types of assessment uses and their importance in generating an accountability system for our school to develop a system that fosters learning for all students. My greatest area of strength in regard to assessment literacy can be found in during test administration (15/15) and after testing (25/25). These were perfect scores and illustrated that student’s needs were met when considering the testing environment as conducive to maximize student performance and monitoring the students as they take ASSESSMENT FOR LEARNING 3 the test. Directions are always clear and questions are rarely asked. Tests are accurately scored because they are reviewed twice. Assessment data is gathered for what questions students answered incorrectly and notes are made for improvement of material taught the following year. It is reviewed again after the results of the test are completed to ensure mastery before moving on to the next chapter. The main goal is always on student achievement and mastery of the material. The data adjusts instruction to improve student performance. Any students who do poorly are given the opportunity to retest for 92% of the grade for improvement and mastery. Parents are notified of any student receiving below an 86%. This is our school policy. Retests are given within a week of the original test. Tests are graded the same day and given back the next day. This enables students to observe what they got wrong and assess ways to improve for the retest or master the material. Assessments are not always tests. Projects, reports, computer uses, etc. are vital ways to assess student learning through a plethora of ways. Gardner (1999) believed that students learn through spatial, linguistic, naturalist, interpersonal, intrapersonal, bodily kinesthetic, logical/mathematical, musical, and existential. Educators should recognize that diversity needs an on-going presence, availability, and active participation in the classroom teaching process (Spasovski, 2010). â€Å"If society wants all students to meet standards, then all students must believe they can meet those standards; they all must be confident enough to be willing to take the risk of trying† (Stiggins, 2008, p. 8). My greatest limitation in regard to assessment literacy is working with colleagues to design common assessments. Since we are a small private school, teachers are left ASSESSMENT FOR LEARNING 4 with the task of compiling their own assessments. Our principal will supply the assessments created by the publisher in book form or cd rom or teachers can compile their own. None of us work with colleagues to create assessments. We have team meetings that cross teach certain areas that are being studied to enhance learning across disciplines of teaching. However, assessments are each teacher’s responsibility. The Stanford test scores analyze our teaching productivity. Data is analyzed for the incorrect answer. The results address the weakest area of student learning. Teachers are to find solutions to fix them through data and research of proven strategies that work within successful classrooms. According to Creighton (2001), collecting data without purpose is meaningless. Data driven decision making and instructional leadership support one another. By analyzing the data that exist in our schools, student achievement and quality in teaching and learning can improve to assist students to become avid learners. Part 2: Analyzing the Survey Results The survey results of the criteria for the school survey of assessment literacy scored 84/90. Assessment, curriculum, and instruction are balanced in our school. Assessments are aligned to benchmarks, standards, and scaffolding of material over time to foster students’ learning. To promote student achievement, assessments are varied and reliable. Communication is accomplished with parents about performance through emails, assessments sent home requiring signatures, progress reports, report cards, and Stanford test scores. Since our students score in the 79-99% ranking of Stanford test scores as a class average, teachers seek solutions through data to ASSESSMENT FOR LEARNING 5 improve class average test scores. If any student did poorly, teachers seek ways that will improve student learning. Principals and teachers can learn to maneuver through the statistical data to help create goals and strategies for change and improvement (Creighton, 2001). The school’s greatest area of strength in regard to assessment literacy was that data-based decisions about student mastery of standards are made collaboratively by administrators and teachers. By looking at our strengths, opportunities, weaknesses, and threats, teachers can gain insightful information into how they may best serve their diverse students’ needs and administrators can find solutions to helping these students achieve an optimal learning experience at school. This creates an opportunity for teachers and administrators to work together to improve student achievement. By understanding our diverse students’ needs, teachers and administrators can see the big picture and find viable solutions to problems that arise at their school. This year we have added a resource room to help struggling students with special needs get help from an ESE teacher. Curriculums are modified to accommodate student’s needs based on any language or learning barriers. The dominant culture of the nation-state should incorporate aspects of their experiences, cultures, and languages, which will enrich the mainstream culture as well as help marginalized groups to experience civic equality and recognition (Gutmann, 2004). Teachers have professional development sessions and team meetings to assess proven methodologies and research to help students learn. â€Å"When teachers support students by treating them with respect and caring about their futures, and encourage students by helping them to succeed, students are more likely ASSESSMENT FOR LEARNING 6 to respect and get along with one another; when taught how to be more tolerant of others, students exhibit greater tolerance† (Gollnick & Chinn, 2006). Our school climate is multicultural and is reflected in every aspect of the education at our school. This is imperative if we want our students to compete in a global economy and to ensure learning and equity for all students. The school’s greatest limitation in regard to assessment literacy is that not all teachers recognize students’ emotional connection to assessment and its results. Also, the formative assessments are not used regularly to tell members precisely where to focus their improvement efforts and how to do it in a timely manner. My students complain that some teachers take a month to grade papers. Parents complain to me that other teachers do not understand their child’s special needs. For instance, I have a student with dysgraphia, dyslexia, and ADHD. For spelling tests, I have found it beneficial to call him up after tests and have him spell the word to me verbally that he got wrong in writing and he often gets it correct. He has transformed from a failing student to an â€Å"A† student. I grade his paper immediately after he turns it in and I ask him to spell the words he got wrong to me verbally. When students are failing, teachers need to find viable solutions to increase student learning. No single assessment is capable of answering all these questions to aid a student’s learning capabilities. A productive, multi-level assessment system is needed to ensure accuracy of all instructional decisions (Stiggins, 2008). Relying heavily on Stanford test scores impedes a student’s emotional connection to assessment and its results. Instead a wide arrangement of student work should become part of a portfolio to determine the overall ASSESSMENT FOR LEARNING 7 success rate of a student. â€Å"If all students are to succeed, they must have continuous access to credible evidence of their own academic success at mastering prescribed achievement standards† (Stiggins, 2008, p. 8). Data shows teachers areas that need improvement in teaching, student’s weaknesses, and how to do better next time. This will enable students to build self-efficacy when teachers help students to see what success looks like through assessment analysis to improve test taking the next time (Stiggins, 2008). This is the reason our school offers a retest at 92% of the grade. This is what Stiggins refers to as replacing the intimidation of accountability as the primary motivator through tests with the promise of academic success for all learners. This type of assessment promotes hope for all students to become successful. We are reminded by Tashik (2010), that an effective performance assessment system requires the complete interplay of several components: 1. Teaching and learning must remain the constant focus of the school. 2. Teams of teachers collaborate on all aspects of instruction and assessment. 3. Staff, department, and grade meetings are regular features of the school week. 4. Scheduling includes blocks of time for teachers to mentor and supervise student progress on the performance assessment tasks. 5. Continual development of new courses and units of study to better engage students in their learning and meet their academic needs. When these key components are intertwined, effective assessments can benefit our students through diversity and it can take the shape of molding into our students’ needs. When we look at the classroom level of use, the program level of use, and the ASSESSMENT FOR LEARNING 8 institutional accountability and policy level of use, assessments can work together to scaffold student learning for optimal success. In a perfect assessment system, the foundation would comprise of an array of assessments that enable students to learn more through scaffolding and take ownership of his or her learning success (Stiggins, 2004). ASSESSMENT FOR LEARNING 9 References Creighton, T. (2001). Data analysis and the principalship. Principal Leadership, 1(9), 52. Gardner, H. (1999). Intelligence reframed: Multiple intelligences for the 21st century. New York: Basic Books. Gollnick, D. and Chinn, P. (2006) Multicultural education in a pluralistic society. New Jersey: Pearson Education. Gutmann, A. (2004). Unity and diversity in democratic multicultural education: Creative and destructive tensions. In J. A. Banks (Ed. ), Diversity and citizenship education: Global perspectives (pp. 77-96). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Spasovski, Ognen. (2010). Principles of the inclusive education and the role of teachers and in-school professional staff. The Journal of Special Education and Rehabilitation,111(1-2), 67-86. Tashik, P. (2010). Changing the national conversation on assessment. Phi Delta Kappan, 91(6), 55-59. Stiggins, R. (2004). Classroom assessment for student learning: Doing it right – Using it well. Portland, OR: Assessment Training Institute. Stiggins, R. (2005, Dec. ). From formative assessment to assessment FOR learning: A path to success in standards-based school. Phi Delta Kappan, 87(4), 324-328. Stiggins, R. (2008). Assessment manifesto: A call for the development of balanced assessment systems. Portland, OR: ETS Training Institute.

Tuesday, January 7, 2020

The Treaty Of Trianon How Did The Pre World War I...

The Treaty of Trianon How did the pre World War I internal issues of Hungary influence the Treaty of Trianon’s affect on the country? Amanda E. Stevenson #IB 000923 0036 20th Century History Internal Assessment Table of Contents A. Plan of the Investigation 3 B. Summary of the Evidence 4 C. Evaluation of the Sources 5 D. Analysis 6 E. Conclusion 7 F. List of Sources 9 A. Plan of the Investigation This investigation will evaluate the repercussions of the Treaty of Trianon on the country of Hungary. The goal of the Treaty of Trianon was to identify the winners of the World War I, as well as assign the reparations the losers of the war. Though Hungary was identified as a failing party, the punishment given affected much more than what was written on paper. The aftermath that derived from the application of the Treaty of Trianon was seen for years after its initiation. By comparing the social and political tension within Hungary before the commencement of World War I and at the time of the treat signing, a trace of events can be made to determine how influential that time was to how the treaty was accepted in the country. This will help to determine why the treaty was more harmful to the country than helpful. Also, Hungary showed a great lack of self-determination to resolve their issues before and during the war. The Treaty of Trianon was a way to fo rcibly encourage Hungary to catch up with the advancements of other countries as well as make a more unified

Monday, December 30, 2019

The Student Loan Debt Crisis - 1247 Words

The Student Loan Debt Crisis Student loan debt has overtime become an unpleasant part of life for millions of Americans and especially borrowers. It is possible to identify the types of people who went through college and borrowed financial loans from those that went through college and did not go to college or those that went but did not borrow. The debt crisis directly affects the families of the borrowers, those with high debt burdens and advanced degrees. Despite the increased length in loan payment, the average monthly payment has barely increased (Hansend, 2010) .This essay focuses on the problem of student loan debt and offers a number of viable solutions towards the subject. The emphasis in addressing the issue intendeds to suggest policies that focus on the immediate needs of the students According to the report on Household Debt and Credit Developments released by New York Federal Reserve Bank, trouble seems to have been brewing for students. America owes nearly US $ 1.2 trillion, which is more than three times the amount of debt a decade ago (Roots,2012).The increase in amount of debt is partly as a result of increased student attendance in college whiles the other part maybe due to the borrower who is the individual student, holding more debt (Roots,2012). The department of Education in New York has released a nationally representative data showing that college senior students took loans between the academic years 2007-2008 and 2011-2012, have a median debtShow MoreRelatedThe Student Loan Debt Crisis1873 Words   |  8 Pagesguaranteed employment, financial stability, and an indicator of success, has been declared in jeopardy. Topping the credit card debt and many household debts, the student loan debt has been pronounced the next potential financial disaster in t he U.S. With 2014’s numbers currently exceeding $1.2 trillion, the debt figures have reached about twice of 2007’s remaining debt (Akers, 2014). Gone are the days when a parent could send a child to the state university to study their interests and finish offRead MoreStudent Loan Debt Is A Financial Crisis1700 Words   |  7 Pagesincreases the pile of debt students may graduate with gets bigger and bigger. This problem is America’s next sizeable financial crisis, but this crisis however is avoidable. Student loan debt is a financial bubble waiting to blow up just as the housing market collapse did in 2007, which the country is only just now starting to see signs of recovery from. The cost of a four-year degree has seen increases that surpass inflation and health care costs. Likewise, the amount of student loan debt is now greaterRead MoreStudent Loan Debt Crisis Essay1214 Words   |  5 PagesStudent Loan Debt Crisis What do you think of when you hear the words college graduate? Well, in most scenarios, these words would be exciting to someone that just graduated college who have put in years of hard work and dedication to better educate and promote themselves for their future careers. Sadly enough, this is too far common not the case. In today’s society, students are graduating college with piles of debt at an alarming rate. With a troubled economy that is recovering from a recessionRead MoreShould Student Loan Debt Be A National Crisis?865 Words   |  4 PagesAlthough many people are considering student loan debt to be a national crisis, we must understand the reality behind it. Unfortunately not everyone is fortunate enough to make it through college without accumulating debt. In Robin Wilson’s essay, â€Å"A Lifetime of Student Debt? Not Likely†, she makes a compelling argument that shows how students get involved with really high debt. She claims, â€Å"†¦the pr oblem among students who go heavily into debt is that they are determined to attend their dream collegeRead MoreStudent Loan Debt Is The Biggest Economic Crisis Or Threat?1755 Words   |  8 PagesBureau, student loan debt has reached a new milestone, crossing the $1.2 trillion mark — $1 trillion of that in federal student loan debt. Since 1993, the trend keeps getting higher and higher every year. Student loan debts has been showing a crippling effect on the economy as the debt gets deeper. Student loan debt is known to be the biggest economic crisis or threat. Although you might have not have any student loans, his huge debt could still impact your financial well being. This debt of studentRead MoreHow The Student Loan Debt Crisis Is Undermining Economic And Social Progress Of American Graduates1635 Words   |  7 PagesHow the Student Loan Debt Crisis Is Undermining the Economic and Social progress of American Graduates Currently, higher education is highly valued as a step in achieving success and earnings potential, but attaining a degree comes at a high cost. Although a very valued asset, the cost to attain a college degree for most students includes getting loans, grants from the government, and sometimes even private loans. Most of these loans come at a high price for students as the interest structure forRead MoreStudent Loan Crisis Is A Crisis870 Words   |  4 Pagesthousand dollars in student loans. (Johnson, â€Å"Student Loans†) There is currently a debate about whether or not student loans are a crisis or if this crisis is just a myth. In the article, â€Å"Here’s Your Crisis: Student Loan Debt Isn’t A Myth,† it describes how student loans are a huge crisis, and the article, â€Å"The Myth of the Student Loan Crisis† is about how college students’ loans do not amount to a crisis. The student loan crisis is a legitimate problem, not a myth. College students do not realize theRead MoreStudent Loans For Education Equal Success997 Words   |  4 PagesStudent Loans Assisting For Education Equal Success After reading the articles on, â€Å"The Myth of the Student Loan Crisis† it was stated that student loans are the crisis because of the hundred dollars worth of debt. The second article, â€Å"Here’s Your Crisis: Student Loans Debt Isn’t a Myth† explains that student loan crisis is not a myth but the fear of debts are preventing students from attending college. These articles provided information to prove my beliefs that the government has a responsibilityRead MoreStudent Loan Debt Is A Burden1467 Words   |  6 PagesHave you ever heard of debt? Most people in today’s society have, but what about student loan debt? For too many Americans, student loan debt is a burden; there may be too much interest, not enough income, and a struggle to handle previous bills while staying on time with college payments. According to the Consumer Finance Protection Bureau in the United States, the total amount of student debt amounts to over $1 trillion. In the art icle â€Å"Here’s Your Crisis: Student Loan Debt Isn’t a Myth† (2013) ChrisRead MoreThe Financial Crisis Of 20081326 Words   |  6 Pagesslowly incorporating direct federal loans but still keeping guarantees in place for the banks. After the financial crisis of 2008, President Obama completely eliminated the middleman and fully implemented direct student loans (Kingkade). Although this stopped large banks from profiting off of government backed loans, it still didn’t reduce the supply of loans or the ease of obtaining them. Availability of Credit As tuition has been on the steady rise, student debt to finance the education has been

Sunday, December 22, 2019

Medication Errors in Clinical Settings - Detection and...

Introduction Medications are used as one of the interventional strategies in the prevention and management of various ailments. Although medications are useful to patients, when used inappropriately, they are not only harmful to patients but also impair the reputation of physicians. Medication Errors (MEs) are known to occur in the healthcare setting. According to National Coordination Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention (NCCMERP) medication errors are defined as â€Å"Any preventable event that may cause or lead to inappropriate medication use or patient harm while the medication is in the control of a healthcare professional, patient or consumer†. Medication errors occur when a healthcare professional performs an act that†¦show more content†¦Worldwide billions of dollars are being spent in managing the medication errors. It is reported that MEs cost Americans $37.6 billion each year and about $17 billion is associated with preventable errors. In India, there are very few published studies relating to medication errors. Several well designed and planned studies related to medication errors are required to be conducted in India to understand the depth of the problems and to develop strategies to overcome such problems in the future. This is important in the pretext of several reasons including (i) India is a country with large population with high percentage of illiteracy (ii) No nationwide system exist to document the prescribing and dispensing practices (iii) No system to report and monitor errors and hazardous situation (iv) No mandatory system for the accreditation and monitoring of the hospital (v) Flaws in the healthcare system including inadequate facilities. Moreover, India lacks many of the resources that are available in developed countries like computerised physician order entry system, bar code based medicine administration system, Unit dose dispensing etc. All these issues make the practice settings more vulnerable to commit medication related injuries. Levels and types of medications errors In the healthcare settings, medication errors do occur at various levels. It may be prescription centred, dispensing cantered and /or administration cantered (nurse /patientShow MoreRelatedParental Monitoring Of Blood Glucose1443 Words   |  6 Pagestype 2 diabetes. The invention of Glucose Meter has changed the diabetes care by enabling patients to monitor their blood glucose level according to their diet, medications and activity. control of glycaemia within the established recommended values is a major therapeutic goal for diabetic patients both in the hospital and outpatient setting. Using of self monitoring of blood glucose 9SMBG0 devices will help diabetic patients detect, prevent or manage of hypo- and hyper glycemic episodes. This reportRead MoreRelationship between Healthcare and Information Technology5035 Words   |  20 Pagesinformation technology for better communication and efficiency. The purpose of including technology in clinical nursing is to provide better facil ities to patients, which is cost effective. Medical Health Institute surveys regarding the usage of EHR in Canada and USA, indicate that information technology is primarily used by nurses and physicians to improve workflow efficiency, quicken clinical processes, and improve patient care. The major hindrance in implementing such infrastructure is the lackRead MoreCompetencies Between Nurses Prepared At The Associate Degree Level Versus Baccalaureate Degrees Level Essay1438 Words   |  6 Pagesbaccuralate dgree provide nurses with critical skills for complex patients , good communication and leadership skills. Quality patient care hinges on having a well educated nursing workforce. Research has shown that lower mortality rates, fewer medication errors, and positive outcomes are all linked to nurses prepared at the baccalaureate and graduate degree levels. One of the study published in the October 2014 issue of Medical Care, researcher Olga Yakusheva from the University of Michigan andRead MoreThe Electronic Medical Records ( Emr )1366 Words   |  6 Pagesinformation field where clinical, demographic, and management information is entered in a electronic record. EMR information can be accessed such as patient history, billing or insurance data, allergies, immunizations, medications, orders, laboratory tests, diagnostic results, and images with just pushing a few keystrokes. It is an application technology that has enormous potential to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of health care through decreased medical errors, increased preventativeRead MoreEssay Computerized Management in Healthcare3755 Words   |  16 PagesComputerized Management in Healthcare Western Governors University Nursing Informatics NUT 1 August 22, 2012 Computerized Management in Healthcare In the past, physicians and healthcare organizations have been slow to embrace the advantages of using information technology but this is gradually changing. In the July 2012 National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) data brief, NCHS stated that by 2011, 55% of physicians had adopted an electronic health record (Jamoom et al., 2012). TheRead MoreManaging Multiple Morbidities On Older People3276 Words   |  14 Pagescomplex conditions due to the interactions between conditions and higher risks associated with polypharmacy. Clinical trials tend to exclude older people with multiple morbidities which generates difficulty when it comes to managing their conditions. Furthermore, clinical practice guidelines generally are not age-specific in nature nor do they focus on the complexity of medicines in older adults who are multi morbid. Self-management of conditions is a very important aspect when managing older peopleRead MoreObesity Is An Increasing Problem All Over The World And Its Prevalence1379 Words   |  6 Pagesmass index (BMI) of 30kg/m2 or more.1 It was reported that the proportion of obesity in surgical patients is greater than general population.2 This means that anesthesiologists are going to deal with increased number of obese patients whose airway management is one of their own responsibilities. Endotracheal intubation is more difficult in obese than in lean patients.3 Difficult tracheal intubation is defined by the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) as tracheal intubation requiring multipleRead MoreRTT2 Organizational Systems3992 Words   |  16 Pagesï » ¿RTT Task Two: Case Study Western Governors University Sentinel Event Case Study Human interaction between individuals and systems does not occur in a vacuum, rather it occurs in a dynamic and multidimensional setting. From a structural and procedural system performance perspective, the nursing care environment â€Å"is perfectly designed to get the results it gets† (LLoyd, Murray, Provost, 2015). When mistakes happen in healthcare, all Joint Commission accredited healthcare organizations are obligatedRead MoreElectronic Case Report Form ( Ecrf )2347 Words   |  10 Pagesrecords can be stored and serve as a case report form of patients in clinical trials (1). eCRF helps individuals access, manage, and share their health information with others who are authorized, in a private, secure, and confidential environment (2). eCRF integrates many different aspects of clinical trials such as data mining, data cleaning, and data capture into one system and contributes greatly in clinical trial management. eCRFs offer an enormous amount of advantages such as improved dataRead MoreRoot Cause Analysis, Change Theory, FMEA, and Nursing Root Cause Analysis (RCA)3232 Words   |  13 Pagesin the system. Based on the case study presented, it would be important to have a nurse present from the unit/department where Nurse J and the LPN work, a respiratory therapist, a doctor that works for this hospital in the same capacity as Dr. T, a risk manager and a member of the quality improvement team. After the team is formed, the first step in the process is to identify what happened. In this particular case study, Mr. B was over sedated, not correctly monitored, was dismissed inappropriately

Saturday, December 14, 2019

A Clean, Well-Lighted Place Free Essays

Through his work entitled â€Å"A Clean, Well-Lighted Place,† Hemingway tries to demonstrate how people have different opinions regarding aging and experience, and he does this through the eyes of the two waiters and an old man. Today, a large percentage of people assume things about other individuals they do not know based only on how they look. Hemingway seems to hold the hand of the reader as he expresses why people should have an open mind and make an attempt to look through the eyes of each person because there is so much more to know than just by looking at a person’s physical appearance. We will write a custom essay sample on A Clean, Well-Lighted Place or any similar topic only for you Order Now At the start of our lives when we are not yet fully aware of the things happening in our surroundings, everything seems to be beautiful and innocent. However, by the time we get older, we realize that things are not as easy as they once seemed. Along with the joys and happiness we experience, there is also pain, sadness, and loneliness. This short story is about an old man who sits in a bar a few times a week. He preferred this particular club from the others because it is clean and has a calm ambiance, which relaxes him. He drinks away until two o’clock in the morning and is the last person to leave the bar. On the side are two waiters who serve the old man. One is a young man while the other is a middle-aged waiter. While serving the old man, these two waiters converse and argue about the old man and it is evident that they see the old man in different perspectives due to their age difference. In the beginning of the story, an old, deaf man was described and how he was enjoying the bar and getting drunk almost every night. He feels comfortable in the bar because it is calm, clean, well-lighted, and quiet unlike the other bars in the area. He stays here until the wee hours of the morning and it can be seen that he does not fit well into the society at the time because he is well over his time already. It was mentioned that â€Å"last week, he tried to commit suicide† (Kennedy Gioia 148). This gives the reader the impression that the man was in despair even though he is well-endowed in terms of financial resources. The young waiter was in a rush to close the bar an hour earlier because there was only one customer, the old man, who was present at that time. The young waiter also wanted to go home early because his wife was waiting for him at home. It is shown that he disrespects the old man by throwing the old man out of the bar insisting that they were already closing. The younger waiter seems to be flat and static. He is somewhat intolerant and self-centered for he has his own social life and does not depend on the bar to seek refuge. He does not understand what the old man was feeling and why he spends his time in the bar drinking the night away. The fact that he is young and has very limited experience in life contributes to this attitude. He has no idea that the old man has spent his life and believes that he has no use to anyone because of his age, which is why he tried to commit suicide. He is lonely and loneliness is very hard to cure, especially when people around you do not understand what you are going through, just like the old man in the story. The young waiter also sees the loneliness and despair of the old man as largely a fault of his own because the old man chooses to see the darkness instead of the light. The young man feels that the old man dwells in his misery too much and that there are better things to do than sit inside a bar and drink. He yelled at the old man saying â€Å"you should have killed yourself last week† (Kennedy Gioia 148). He treats the old man like an obstacle as if the old man was slowing down the young man’s life. The older waiter, on the other hand, shows a different attitude towards the situation, and this might be because of his age. He is more sensitive to the old man because he knows what it is like to be old and lonely. This waiter says â€Å"I am one of those who like to stay late at the cafe with all those who do not want to go to bed† (Kennedy Gioia 150). He knows what it is like to go home at night without anything or anyone to expect and how it is better to spend the night in a bar instead of experiencing the loneliness that the night can bring. He knows that the bar is a very nice and clean place for people at night, especially the older ones. He says â€Å"each night, I am reluctant to close up because there may be someone who needs the cafe† (Kennedy Gioia 150). He is not only referring to the old man but to himself as well. Personally, I think that this is why he most likely works at the bar at night himself. Just like the old man, he does not want to be alone at night. He is becoming older as time goes on and he also has an insomnia, which makes it hard for him to sleep at night. How to cite A Clean, Well-Lighted Place, Papers

Friday, December 6, 2019

Italy free essay sample

The music of Italy ranges across a broad spectrum of opera and Instrumental classical music and a body of popular music drawn from both native and Imported sources. Music has traditionally been one of the cultural markers of Italian national and ethnic identity and holds an important position in society and in politics. Instrumental and vocal classical music is an iconic part of Italian identity, spanning experimental art music and international fusions to symphonic music and opera. Opera is integral to Italian musical culture, and has become a major segment of popular music.The Neapolitan song, cannoned Napoleon, and the contractor singer- songwriter traditions are also popular domestic styles that form an important part of the Italian music industry, alongside imported genres Like jazz, rock and hip hop. Italian folk music Is an Important part of the countrys musical heritage, and spans a diverse array of regional styles, instruments and dances. We will write a custom essay sample on Italy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Http://www. Lafayette. Com/ music I would delve Italian popular music Into four different categories (that overlap to some extent). Melodic music Italian Rock Singer-songwriters (Known as contractor )Their own styles http://www. Quintessential. Co. Articles/Italy/Laotian-Culture-Guide-Music-in-loyalty/295 Italy is the home of opera music. Opera music was created In Italy in the 17th century by Italian music composer Claudio Monteverdi. He wrote his first opera In 1607 named LOreal which was composed to commemorate the annual festival of Mantra. Since then opera music has become an Institution In the world of Italian music and widely appreciated around the world. Italy has produced a consistent stream of some of the worlds best opera singers, conductors and composers up to the present day.The most prevalent form of popular music in Italy during the past few decades has been rock music. Although no Italian rock music bands have ever had much success in the English speaking countries, there are several very popular Italian rock music bands inside Italy. Popular 1 sass rock singers and songwriters include Giant Annie, Coherer and Vases Rossi. There has also been quite a significant punk music scene in Italy since the sasss and there even seems to be a resurgent new punk music scene developing in Italy today. Popular music In Italy often takes Its cues from the USA and this appears to be how rap music has developed in Italy.There Is today a significant rap music scene In Italy with accompanying fashions and lifestyles that mirror those of rap musicians In America. While the beats of Italian rap music may seem to be a close copy of rap music in the US, the lyrics often found in Italian produced a few very significant names in the world of classical music over the past few hundred years. One of Italys major contributors to classical music is Antonio Vivaldi who is the musical composer widely credited as having created concerto music. This music which has its roots in 17th century Italy, is best characterized by its highly complex and intricate melodies. Http://www. ]staidly. Org/Italy/Italy- architecture. Asp Italian architecture has a wide and diverse number of styles which have evolved through the political, cultural and economical changes from ancient times. And now amazes people from every corner of the world, places such as The Tower of Pisa, The Coliseum, The Circus and more are part of the architecture of the country once considered as the capital of culture Classical: The Classical architecture comes from Greeks, who influenced The Roman Empire; they began to construct buildings using strict mathematical principles.The Classical Style had two periods: Greek characterized by the use of Doric columns; Hellenic characterized by the use of Ionic columns the period finished when Greece was conquered by the Roman Empire; Roman used the styles mentioned before but added more ornamentation, and invented concrete. After the Classical style, the Neoclassical Style, which influenced in construction worldwide due to the ideas that were scattered in publication, takes place.Early Medieval: Style developed after the fall of the Roman Empire, influenced by Byzantine Style and characterized by the building of Churches with round arches not only in principal cities but in villages around the country. Gothic: The difference with Early Medieval Style is the use of pointed arches instead of the round ones; the use of more elaborated Sculptures such as Gargoyles, more and bigger windows, and other influences from Moorish architecture.Renaissance: Italian architects looked for new ideas and discovered some principles that helped them construct buildings with symmetrical arrangements, use of columns and pilasters, domes, niches with sculptures and painting in the ceiling of Chapels, the most famous in SST. Pewters Basilica by the famous Italian painter Michelangelo Buoyant. Baroque: Commonly known as Bizarre, because is one of the most extravagant styles, which elements had been spread around the world; in Italy the cause of this style was the aim of Popes to give special ornamentation to Churches and express holy splendor; and it influenced non-Christian buildings also. Ancient buildings in the whole of Italy are related to one of these styles, with famous artists such as Andrea Palladian, Giaconda Avignon, Michelangelo Buoyant, Ghetto did Bonded, Raphael Sansei, Fillips Brucellosis and others.

Thursday, November 28, 2019

The Link Between Heart Disease and Cancer Explorat Essay Example For Students

The Link Between Heart Disease and Cancer Explorat Essay ory Essays Research PapersThe Link Between Heart Disease and Cancer Recently, on a visit to my mothers house, I pulled out my parents wedding album. As I flipped through the pages of the wedding album, it was exciting to see pictures of my parents and our family members. Everyone seemed to be joyous except my grandmothers. They both had sad and angry expressions on their faces as their children made their vows to each other. I, too, was saddened as I noticed my paternal grandmothers figure because one of her breasts was wider, flatter and higher than her other breast. It appears that she had attempted to fill her bra cup with some type of soft cloth. I did not know that she had succumbed to breast cancer and had a radical mastectomy so early in her life. Although my maternal grandmother is still alive today, she has had advanced heart disease most of her life. We called my grandmother GM (grandmother). Although GM is a kind and gentle woman, she is quite temperamental. I believe th ese emotions and worry spike her towering blood pressure. As I continued to go through my parents wedding album, I noticed that mostly everyone in my family has died of heart disease or cancer. Although my father had diabetes, he died of a massive heart attack. My great uncle died of prostate cancer and his wife died after having a massive heart attack. According to the 1995 Monthly Vital Statistics Report, heart disease and cancer are the leading causes of death in the United States; in fact, heart disease and cancer have been linked to diet and exercise. I believe that 80 and 90 percent of cancers can be prevented because they are caused by environmental, dietary or nutritional factors, according to Dan Colbert, M.D. and author of Walking in Divine Health. The most common cancers in the United States colorectal cancer and breast cancer and prostate cancerare linked to consumption of red meat, fats, and toxins in diet. In Leviticus 3:17, it is written, This shall be a perpetual statue through out your generations in all your dwellings: you shall eat neither fat nor blood (The New King James Bible). As a minister, I believe that the Bible is referring to fat and blood derived from animal meat which increases the total and LDL cholesterol. Ironically, many people are unfamiliar with this severe perpetual warning not to consume fat or blood, and traditional and denominational Christians tend reject this statute. They foolishly rationalize that Christians are under grace; therefore, they simply ignore the statute. Today, millions of American die of heart and blood vessel diseases. These diseases are responsible for one out of two deaths. Think of it-more people die of heart disease than are killed by cancer, infectious disease, AIDS, homicide and accidents combined. Im convinced we are dying of coronary disease because of the fat we eat, Dr. Colbert expressed. Still, the RDA recommends 30 percent of the total diet should come from fat. Fat must be present in the diet to maintain good health. The body stores energy in the form of fat, and it provides the energy needed to perform muscular work. Fat provides similar benefits for animals, i.e., cows, pigs, and lambs, etc. Animals store very large amounts of toxins, pesticides and industrial wastes in their fatty tissues. The Fattier the piece of meat, the greater the potential for the storage of pesticides. Many thousands of pesticides are being sprayed on our land each year, and the cattle that graze on the land are ingesting them. These harmful substances are not only ingested by these animals, but are immediately stored in their fat. So, if you are fond of fatty pieces of meat, such as T-bone steaks or ribs, youre eating more than protein. You are transferring loads of pesticides into your body. The fattier the cut of meat, the more carcinogens it can contain, Dr. Cobert stated. Fats saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturatedprovide the same number of calories9 grams. The 1993 Journal of the American Medical Association recommends eating no more than 30 percent of calories from fat. One should eat no more than 10 percent of calories from saturated fats (all animal meats, beef tallow, butter, cheese, chocolate, cocoa butter, coconut oil, cream, hydrogenated oils, lard, palm oil, stick margarine, shortening, whole milk). One should eat no more than10 percent of calories as polyunsaturated fats (almonds, corn oil, cashews, cottonseed oil, filberts, fish, liquid/soft margarine, mayonnaise, pecans, safflower oil, sesame oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, and walnuts). And, one should eat 10-15 percent of calories from monounsaturated fats (avocados, canola oil, cashews, olive oil, olives, peanut butter, peanut oil, peanuts, and poultry). Moreover, one should replace saturated fats with monounsaturated fats. At one time, polyunsaturated fats were recommended to replace saturated fats until evidence suggested that polyunsaturated fats help in the oxidation of LDL-choles terol, according to 1994 article in The Lancet. Unfortunately, cancers attack the fattiest portions of the human body because toxins are stored in fat. For example, in men cancer attacks the prostate, and in women it attacks the breasts. Breast cancer and prostate cancer has been linked to elevated consumption animal fats and whole milk products. Not only do animals graze on toxic soil but also they are subjected to be injected with DES, which is a form of estrogen. Thus, small amounts of estrogen can be found in the body and womens breast. Additionally, whole milk contains fat and cholesterol, which provides the building block for manufacturing more estrogen. A womens body makes more estrogen using the fat which contains pesticides and other carcinogens. Additionally, when too much fat is consumed, it affects ones entire blood volume, and can trigger a blockage resulting in a heart attack or stroke. For example, after consuming a fatty meal, the blood-all of it-gets thicker than u sual. It has been described as being thick as toothpaste or resembling sludge. Fat and oils in the blood increase its density . . .Ive checked the blood of patients after they have eaten lunch and it is amazing how much fat is present. It rises to the top of the venipuncture tube, and you can actually see it. It is yellow and thick. Just imagine what that fat is doing to your blood vessels when the heart is attempting to pump it through your system, Dr. Colbert described. No wonder God, in His divine guidance, commanded that we do not consume animal fat. Further, cancer of the colon is caused by consumption of toxins that stay too long in the gastrointestinal tracts. According to the 1999 Edition of the PDR Family Guide to Nutrition Health, Food takes three days or more to pass through the bowel. Eating even fewer fibers allows food to remain in the body even longer. With a high fiber diets, food is eliminated in a day or two. Although fruits and vegetables are sprayed with herbici des and pesticides, low fat is key. The higher the fiber content of the foods, the more toxins they will bind, which are then eliminated from your system, Colbert said. Additionally, exercise reduces the risk of colon cancer. Increasing physical activity levels may be an effective approach for reducing the burden of colon in our society, a Harvard research wrote in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Ironically, simply walking at a normal or brisk pace for an hour a day reduces the risk of this type of cancer. Researchers are not certain how exercise reduces the risk, but one theory is that it increases the speed at which materials move through the bowel. Today, I can still look through my parents wedding album and see photographs of our family; I thank God that we now have the knowledge to prevent most cancers and heart disease through prayer, diet, and exercise. .u49be88cea2e483b79ed6bf4f3126c1f9 , .u49be88cea2e483b79ed6bf4f3126c1f9 .postImageUrl , .u49be88cea2e483b79ed6bf4f3126c1f9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u49be88cea2e483b79ed6bf4f3126c1f9 , .u49be88cea2e483b79ed6bf4f3126c1f9:hover , .u49be88cea2e483b79ed6bf4f3126c1f9:visited , .u49be88cea2e483b79ed6bf4f3126c1f9:active { border:0!important; } .u49be88cea2e483b79ed6bf4f3126c1f9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u49be88cea2e483b79ed6bf4f3126c1f9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u49be88cea2e483b79ed6bf4f3126c1f9:active , .u49be88cea2e483b79ed6bf4f3126c1f9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u49be88cea2e483b79ed6bf4f3126c1f9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u49be88cea2e483b79ed6bf4f3126c1f9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u49be88cea2e483b79ed6bf4f3126c1f9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u49be88cea2e483b79ed6bf4f3126c1f9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u49be88cea2e483b79ed6bf4f3126c1f9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u49be88cea2e483b79ed6bf4f3126c1f9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u49be88cea2e483b79ed6bf4f3126c1f9 .u49be88cea2e483b79ed6bf4f3126c1f9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u49be88cea2e483b79ed6bf4f3126c1f9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Pornography - Its Place In Our Society Essay We will write a custom essay on The Link Between Heart Disease and Cancer Explorat specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now

Monday, November 25, 2019

Cold War Timeline

Cold War Timeline The Cold War was fought in the aftermath of World War Two, from the collapse of the wartime alliance between the Anglo-American led Allies and the USSR to the collapse of the USSR itself, with the most common dates for these identified as 1945 to 1991. Of course, like most historical events, the seeds from which the war grew were planted much earlier, and this timeline starts with the creation of the world’s first Soviet nation in 1917. Pre-World War Two 1917   October: Bolshevik Revolution in Russia. 1918-1920   Unsuccessful Allied Intervention in the Russian Civil War. 1919   March 15: Lenin creates the Communist International (Comintern) to promote international revolution. 1922   December 30: Creation of the USSR. 1933   United States begins diplomatic relations with USSR for the first time. World War Two 1939   August 23: Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact (‘Non-Aggression Pact): Germany and Russia agree to divide Poland.   September: Germany and Russia invade Poland. 1940   June 15 – 16: USSR occupies Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania citing security concerns. 1941   June 22: Operation Barbarossa begins: the German invasion of Russia.   November: US begins lend-lease to USSR.   December 7: Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor causing the US to enter the war.   December 15 – 18: Diplomatic mission to Russia reveals Stalin hopes to recover gains made in the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact. 1942   December 12: Soviet-Czech alliance agreed; Czechs agree to co-operate with the USSR after the war. 1943   February 1: Siege of Stalingrad by Germany ends with Soviet victory.   April 27: USSR breaks off relations with Polish government-in-exile over arguments about the Katyn Massacre.   May 15: Comintern is closed to appease Soviet allies.   July: Battle of Kursk ends with Soviet victory, arguably the turning point of the war in Europe.   November 28 – December 1: Tehran Conference: Stalin, Roosevelt, and Churchill meet. 1944   June 6: D-Day: Allied forces land successfully in France, opening a second front which liberates Western Europe before Russia needs to.   July 21: Having ‘liberated’ east Poland, Russia sets up the Committee of National Liberation in Lublin to govern it.   August 1 – October 2: Warsaw Uprising; Polish rebels attempt to overthrow Nazi rule in Warsaw; Red Army sits back and allows it to be crushed to destroy the rebels.   August 23: Romania signs armistice with Russia following their invasion; a coalition government is formed.   September 9: Communist coup in Bulgaria.   October 9 - 18: Moscow Conference. Churchill and Stalin agree percentage ‘spheres of influence’ in Eastern Europe.   December 3: Conflict between British and pro-Communist Greek forces in Greece. 1945   January 1: USSR ‘recognises’ their communist puppet government in Poland as the provisional government; US and UK refuse to do so, preferring the exiles in London.   February 4-12: Yalta summit between Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin; promises are given to support democratically elected governments.   April 21: Agreements signed between newly ‘liberated’ communist Eastern nations and USSR to work together.   May 8: Germany surrenders; end of World War Two in Europe. Late 1940s 1945   March: Communist-dominated coup in Romania.   July-August: Potsdam Conference between US, UK, and USSR.   July 5: US and UK recognize communist-dominated Polish government after it allows some members of the Government-in-exile to join.   August 6: The US drops the first atomic bomb, on Hiroshima. 1946   February 22: George Kennan sends the Long Telegram advocating Containment.   March 5: Churchill gives his Iron Curtain Speech.   April 21: Social Unity Party formed in Germany on Stalin’s orders. 1947   January 1: Anglo-American Bizone formed in Berlin, angers USSR.   March 12: Truman Doctrine announced.   June 5: Marshall Plan aid program Announced.   October 5: Cominform Founded to organize international communism.   December 15: London Foreign Ministers’ Conference breaks up without agreement. 1948   February 22: Communist Coup in Czechoslovakia.   March 17: Brussels Pact Signed between UK, France, Holland, Belgium, and Luxembourg to organize a mutual defense.   June 7: Six Power Conference recommends a West German Constituent Assembly.   June 18: New currency introduced in the Western Zones of Germany.   June 24: Berlin Blockade Begins. 1949   January 25: Comecon, Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, created to organize Eastern bloc economies.   April 4: North Atlantic Treaty signed: NATO formed.   May 12: Berlin Blockade lifted.   May 23: ‘Basic Law’ approved for Federal Republic of Germany (FRG): Bizone merges with French zone to form a new state.   May 30: People’s Congress approves German Democratic Republic Constitution in East Germany.   August 29: USSR detonates the first atomic bomb.   September 15: Adenauer becomes first Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany.   October: The Communist People’s Republic of China proclaimed.   October 12: German Democratic Republic (GDR) formed in East Germany. 1950s 1950   April 7: NSC-68 finalized in the US: advocates a more active, military, policy of containment and causes a large increase in defense spending.   June 25: Korean War begins.   October 24: Pleven Plan approved by France: rearmed West German soldiers to be part of a European Defence Community (EDC). 1951   April 18: European Coal and Steel Community Treaty signed (The Schuman Plan). 1952   March 10: Stalin proposes a united, but neutral, Germany; rejected by the West.   May 27: European Defence Community (EDC) treaty signed by Western nations. 1953   March 5: Stalin dies.   June 16-18: Unrest in the GDR, suppressed by Soviet troops.   July: Korean War ends. 1954   August 31: France rejects the EDC. 1955   May 5: FRG becomes a sovereign state; joins NATO.   May 14: Eastern Communist nations sign the  Warsaw Pact, a military alliance.   May 15: State Treaty between forces occupying Austria: they withdraw and make it a neutral state.   September 20: GDR recognized as a sovereign state by USSR. FRG announces the  Hallstein Doctrine  in response. 1956   February 25: Khrushchev begins  De-Stalinization  by attacking Stalin in a speech at 20th Party Congress.   June: Unrest in Poland.   October 23 – November 4: Hungarian Uprising crushed. 1957   March 25: Treaty of Rome signed, creating the European Economic Community with the Federal Republic of Germany, France, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg. 1958   November 10: Start of Second Berlin crisis: Khrushchev calls for a peace treaty with the two German states to settle borders and for Western nations to leave Berlin.   November 27: The Berlin Ultimatum issued by Khrushchev: Russia gives West six months to solve Berlin situation and withdraw their troops or it will hand East Berlin over to East Germany. 1959   January: Communist government under Fidel Castro set up in Cuba. 1960s 1960   May 1: USSR shoots down US U-2 spy plane over Russian territory.   May 16-17: Paris Summit closes after Russia pulls out over U-2 affair. 1961   August 12/13:  Berlin Wall  built as east-west borders closed in Berlin and GDR. 1962   October – November: The Cuban Missile Crisis brings the world to the brink of nuclear war. 1963   August 5: Test Ban treaty between UK, USSR, and US limits nuclear testing. France and China reject it and develop their own weapons. 1964   October 15: Khrushchev removed from power. 1965   February 15: The US begins bombing of Vietnam; by 1966 400,000 US troops are in the country. 1968   August 21-27: Crushing of Prague Spring in Czechoslovakia.   July 1: Non-Proliferation Treaty signed by UK, USSR, and US: agree not to assist non-signatories in gaining nuclear weapons. This treaty is the first evidence of  dà ©tente-era cooperation  during the Cold War.     November:  Brezhnev Doctrine  Outlined. 1969   September 28: Brandt becomes Chancellor of FRG, continues the policy of  Ostpolitik  developed from his position as Foreign Minister. 1970s 1970   Start of Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) between US and USSR.   August 12: USSR-FRG Moscow Treaty: both recognize each others territories and agree to only peaceful methods of border change.   December 7: Warsaw Treaty between FRG and Poland: both recognize each others territories, agree to only peaceful methods of border change and increased trade. 1971   September 3: Four Power Treaty on Berlin between US, UK, France and USSR over access from West Berlin to FRG and relation of West Berlin to FRG. 1972   May 1: SALT I treaty signed (Strategic Arms Limitations Talks).   December 21: Basic Treaty between FRG and GDR: FRG gives up Hallstein Doctrine, recognizes GDR as a sovereign state, both to have seats at UN. 1973   June: Prague Treaty between FRG and Czechoslovakia. 1974   July: SALT II negotiations begin. 1975   August 1: Helsinki Agreement/Accord/’Final Act’ signed between US, Canada and 33 European States including Russia: states the ‘inviolability’ of frontiers, gives principles for state peaceful interaction, co-operation in economics and science as well as humanitarian issues. 1976   Soviet SS-20 medium-range missiles stationed in Eastern Europe. 1979   June: SALT II treaty signed; never ratified by the US Senate.   December 27: Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. 1980s 1980   December 13: Martial law in Poland to crush the Solidarity movement. 1981   January 20: Ronald Reagan becomes US President. 1982   June: Start of START (Strategic Arms Reduction Talks) in Geneva. 1983   Pershing and Cruise missiles placed in West Europe.   March 23: Announcement of the US ‘Strategic Defense Initiative’ or ‘Star Wars’. 1985   March 12: Gorbachev becomes the leader of USSR. 1986   October 2: USSR-USA summit at Reykjavik. 1987   December: USSR-US summit as Washington: US and USSR agree to remove medium-range missiles from Europe. 1988   February: Soviet troops begin to pull out of Afghanistan.   July 6: In a speech to the UN, Gorbachev repudiates the  Brezhnev Doctrine, encourages free elections and ends the Arms Race, in practice ending the Cold War; democracies emerge across Eastern Europe.   December 8: INF Treaty, includes removal of medium-range missiles from Europe. 1989   March: Multi-candidate elections in the USSR.   June: Elections in Poland.   September: Hungary allows GDR ‘holidaymakers’ through the border with West.   November 9: Berlin Wall falls. 1990s 1990   August 12: GDR announces a desire to merge with FRG.   September 12: Two Plus Four treaty signed by FRG, GDR. US, UK, Russia, and France cancels remaining rights of former occupying powers in FRG.   October 3: German Reunification. 1991   July 1: START Treaty signed by US and USSR reducing nuclear weapons.   December 26: USSR dissolved.